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91.
Methodological Development of the Conditional Sampling Method. Part II: Quality Control Criteria of Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Flux Measurements 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A.?K.?Fotiadi F.?Lohou A.?Druilhet D.?Ser?aEmail author F.?Said P.?Laville A.?Brut 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2005,117(3):577-603
Determination of biosphere–atmosphere exchanges requires accurate quantification of the turbulent fluxes of energy and of
a wide variety of trace gases. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) is a method that has received increasing attention in recent
years, because it does not require any rapid sensor for the scalar measurements as the Eddy Correlation method (EC) does.
As in all micrometeorological studies, REA measurements in the atmospheric surface layer are valid under some restrictive
conditions so as to be representative of a specific ecosystem. These conditions are the homogeneity of the underlying surface,
stationary and horizontally homogeneous turbulence. For most experiments these conditions are not fully satisfied. Data uncertainties
can also be related to not fulfilling the method principles or to the technical characteristics of the REA system itself.
In order to assess REA measurement quality, a methodological approach of data analysis is developed in this study. This methodological
analysis is based on the establishment of criteria for data quality control. A set of them, deduced from the mean and turbulent
flow, are called ‘Dynamic criteria’ and are designated to control the stationarity and homogeneity of the w function and the validation of Taylor’s hypothesis. A second set (‘REA operational criteria’) is designed to check the sampling
process and, more precisely, the homogeneity of the negative and positive selection process throughout the sampling period.
A third set of criteria (‘Chemical scalar criteria’) concerns the scalar measurements. Results of the criteria application
to data measured at two different experimental sites are also presented. Cut-off limits of criteria are defined based on their
statistical distribution and shown to be specific for each site. Strictness of each criterion, defined by the percentage of
flagged samples, is analysed in conjunction with the meteorological conditions and atmospheric stability. It is found that
flagged samples mainly correspond to neutral and stable nocturnal conditions. During daytime, nearly free convection conditions
can also yield poor quality data. 相似文献
92.
Susan Ringrose Cornelis Vanderpost Wilma Matheson 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1998,18(4):331-354
The critical need to consider all options in the search for groundwater in semi-arid areas has promoted work on the possible association of near-surface groundwater and vegetation characteristics using a combination of remote-sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques. Two vegetative criteria (dense woody cover and abundance of deep-rooting species) are identified as being indicative of near-surface groundwater, and their spatial distribution is tested against the location of aquifers in southeast Botswana. Vegetative criteria classes were combined in a GIS environment with the distribution of geomorphic units and bedrock geology to determine the degree of coincidence with assumed or known aquifers. Results indicate that the distribution of dense woody vegetation as mapped from Thematic Mapper imagery has some potential in identifying especially surficial but also bedrock near-surface groundwater sources in mostly naturally vegetated semi-arid areas. Dense woody cover classes tend to select aquifers in topographically higher areas while classes comprising some deep-rooting species tend to select low-lying aquifers such as those occurring in fossil valleys. Deep-rooting species, however, are less successful as a vegetative criterion. Although various technical refinements are suggested, this work shows that vegetative criteria mapping can however be used in conjunction with conventional geological/geophysical techniques to enhance the prospects for groundwater location in relatively undisturbed semi-arid areas. 相似文献
93.
中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标体系研究* 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
中国东部亚热带地区流水侵蚀所引起土地退化的形成,是由其生态环境自身的脆弱性决定的。土地退化不仅表现为土壤退化,还表现为植被退化和土地状况恶化,其发展过程是植被退化-土壤退化-地表状况恶化过程多重循环的结果。据此,提出了中国东部亚热带丘陵山地土地退化评价指标。 相似文献
94.
Deborah J. Shields 《Natural Resources Research》1998,7(4):251-261
This paper reviews the linkages among energy and mineral resources and economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
Nonrenewable resources are shown to be integral components of sustainability, regardless of which paradigmatic definition
of the concept is invoked. Potential measures of the degree to which nonrenewable resources contribute to or detract from
sustainability are presented. We conclude that a set of such measures should be incorporated in the comprehensive framework
of sustainability currently being developed by the Federal government. National scale indicators could be presented within
the structure of the seven criteria from the Santiago Declaration, whereas a life cycle or materials flow approach could be
used when sustainability of specific resources is at issue. 相似文献
95.
96.
97.
A. G. Journel 《Mathematical Geology》1999,31(8):955-964
Markov models based on various data screening hypotheses are often used because they reduce the statistical inference burden. In the case of co-located cokriging, the commonly used Markov model results in the cross-covariance being proportional to the primary covariance. Such model is inappropriate in the presence of a smoothly varying secondary variable defined on a much larger volume support than the primary variable. For such cases, an alternative Markov screening hypothesis is proposed that results in a more continuous cross-covariance proportional to the secondary covariance model. A parallel development of both Markov models is presented. A companion paper provides a comparative application to a real data set. 相似文献
98.
99.
山东招掖金矿带稀土元素地球化学特征初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文提出了解决本区某些地质问题的新信息。认为不同地质体具有大体相似的稀土元素配分模型,成岩成矿关系密切,具有继承性演化特点。各类花岗质岩石由胶东群变质岩经混合岩化作用形成。成矿热液富含[CO_3]~(2-)或[HCO_3]~-,金在黄铁矿和石英中富集,与∑REE、LREE的含量及∑Ce/∑Y、Ce/Yb、La/Yb比值呈正相关。上述参数可用作该类金矿床矿化富集规模和强度的评价标志。 相似文献
100.
本文在短临预报指标研究的基础上,综合考虑各指标在综合预报中的作用,并用层次分析法计算出了参与滇西地震综合预测的各指标的综合权重值,最后进行系统合成,从而对滇西地区的地震的发震时间、地点进行定量化的预测,而对强度预测,而在发震时间预测的前提下,综合考虑指标异常出现的项次及持继时间长短(孕报期的长短),来综合判定预测强度。所得结果,通过1975年以来滇西地区23次Ms≥5.0级地震检验,时间预测对应率 相似文献